A major change is coming to the UK’s welfare system in May 2025, as the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) begins rolling out an enhanced Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) worth up to £518 per month. This new benefit is designed to support people struggling with serious health conditions that limit their ability to work.

Whether you’re facing a physical illness, a long-term disability, or mental health challenges, the new ESA could be a vital financial lifeline. In this detailed guide, we break down who qualifies, how to apply, the 23 eligible health conditions, and how to maximize your support by combining ESA with other available benefits.

What Is the New ESA Payment?

ESA is a government benefit offered to individuals whose health significantly impairs their capacity to work. It is already available in two forms—contribution-based and income-related ESA—but starting in May 2025, a revised scheme will increase the maximum monthly payment to £518.

This new ESA model aims to provide:

• Financial assistance to those unable to work due to health issues

• Support with re-entering the workforce when applicable

• Access to additional benefits like free prescriptions, travel support, and housing aid

The payment will vary based on your eligibility group and whether you’re classified under the Support Group or Work-Related Activity Group after assessment.

Who Is Eligible?

To qualify for the new ESA benefit, you must meet the following criteria:

• Be aged 18 or older, but under the State Pension age (currently 66)

• Have a long-term health condition or disability that prevents or limits your ability to work

• Not be receiving Statutory Sick Pay (SSP) from your employer

• Fulfill National Insurance contribution criteria or pass a means test (for income-based ESA)

You may also qualify if you’re unemployed or on Universal Credit, depending on your income level and personal circumstances.

The 23 Health Conditions That Could Make You Eligible

The DWP has outlined 23 primary health conditions that are considered eligible under the new ESA scheme. However, even if your condition isn’t on this list, you could still qualify based on individual assessment and supporting documentation.

Musculoskeletal Disorders

• Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Osteoarthritis

• Chronic Back Pain

• Spinal Disorders

Neurological Conditions

• Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

• Parkinson’s Disease

• Epilepsy

• Motor Neurone Disease

Respiratory Illnesses

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

• Severe Asthma

• Cystic Fibrosis

Mental Health Disorders

• Severe Depression

• Anxiety Disorders

• Bipolar Disorder

• Schizophrenia

• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Cardiovascular Issues

• Heart Failure

• Stroke aftereffects

• Hypertension with organ complications

Endocrine and Autoimmune Diseases

• Uncontrolled Diabetes with complications

• Severe Thyroid Disorders

• Lupus and other advanced autoimmune conditions

If your condition affects your ability to walk, focus, communicate, or perform daily tasks, you may still be eligible even if it isn’t listed above.

How to Apply for ESA: Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Check Your Eligibility

• Are you under the State Pension age?

• Do you have a long-term illness or disability?

• Are you not receiving SSP from an employer?

• Can you provide medical evidence of your condition?

Step 2: Gather Your Documents

Have the following documents ready:

• National Insurance number

• Medical records and proof of condition

• Details of your GP or healthcare provider

• Bank details for payment

• Any evidence of income or savings (for income-related ESA)

Step 3: Apply

There are three main ways to apply:

• Online via the Gov.uk ESA portal

• By phone at 0800 169 0310

• In person at your local Jobcentre Plus

Step 4: Undergo a Work Capability Assessment (WCA)

You’ll be asked to:

• Complete the ESA50 questionnaire, which evaluates how your condition affects daily life and work ability

• Attend a medical assessment, either in person or over the phone

• A healthcare professional will examine your ability to sit, stand, walk, focus, and interact with others

What Happens After the Assessment?

Once your WCA is complete, DWP will place you in one of two groups:

1. Support Group

• For those with the most severe limitations

• No requirement to look for work

• Eligible for full ESA payment (up to £518/month)

2. Work-Related Activity Group (WRAG)

• For those who may return to work in the future

• Required to attend work-related interviews

• May receive a lower payment than the Support Group

ESA is typically paid every two weeks, but totals can reach £518 per month depending on your classification.

How to Maximize Your Income with Other Benefits

ESA recipients may also qualify for additional financial support, including:

• Personal Independence Payment (PIP) – For help with daily living or mobility needs

• Universal Credit – If you’re on a low income

• Housing Benefit – To help cover rent

• Council Tax Reduction – Offered by local authorities

• Free NHS Prescriptions and Hospital Transport

• Disabled Persons Railcard or Travel Passes

By combining ESA with these benefits, many recipients can receive over £800 per month in total support.

Real-Life Example: Sarah’s Story

Sarah, a 45-year-old former nurse, developed Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) after a prolonged COVID-19 infection. Unable to maintain a full-time job, she applied for ESA with letters from her GP and a specialist. After a WCA, she was placed in the Support Group.

She now receives £518 per month, doesn’t have to seek work, and also qualifies for PIP and free prescriptions. This support helps her focus on recovery without the added stress of financial instability.

FAQs About ESA and the £518 Payment

Can I work while on ESA?

Yes, under “permitted work” rules, you can earn up to £167 per week without affecting your benefit.

Do I have to reapply every year?

Not always. You may be reassessed periodically, depending on the nature and progression of your condition.

Is ESA taxable?

Only contribution-based ESA is taxable. Income-related ESA is tax-free.

How long does the application take?

Expect a processing time of 6 to 12 weeks, depending on documentation and assessment availability.

Can I appeal if I’m denied?

Yes. You can request a Mandatory Reconsideration and, if needed, escalate your case to an independent tribunal.

Final Thoughts: Don’t Miss Out on This Support

The DWP’s £518 ESA monthly payment launching in May 2025 is a valuable opportunity for those unable to work due to serious health conditions. It’s more than just financial aid—it offers stability, access to essential services, and dignity for people facing challenging life circumstances.

If you or someone you care for may qualify, don’t delay. Begin collecting your documents, consult your healthcare provider, and prepare to apply as soon as the application portal opens.

For updates, visit the official Gov.uk ESA page or speak to your local Jobcentre Plus representative.

Remember: support is available, and you are not alone.